BAB I

AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SENTENCE BY USING TREE DIAGRAM IN A. FUADI’S NOVEL THE LAND OF FIVE TOWERS

A Paper

Submitted to the School of Foreign Language – JIA as A Partial Fulfillment of Requirments for the Degree of Undergraduate Program in English Department

SYAFRUDIN

043131.51103.021

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUANGES - JIA

BEKASI

2014

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A .The Background of The Research

Languages are sets of signs. Signs combine an exponent (a sequence of letters or sounds) with a meaning. Grammars are ways to generate signs from more basic signs. Signs combine a form and a meaning, and they are identical with neither their exponent nor with their meaning.

All of people can speak at least one language with easy fluency. Speaking and understanding the first language seems to be such a natural process that people hardly notice its complexities. Indeed, people may not even suspect how complex a language and discover how much people have to learn. What do people have to learn in order to speak and to understand a language ? What is it that people know when people “know” a language?

To understand and to speak a language, people must, for one thing, know a vast number of words. Our stock of words represents huge a investment of learning, but words form only the most obvious component of what people need to knowing order to use a language. people also need to know how to move  tongues, lips, and other organs of speech, and  need to know move them with a speed precesion that goes beyond that of any other muscular activity over which have conscious control.

In addition,Robbins Burling (1997:1) stated that to a large vocabulary and to the speech sound with which we form our words, we need to able to relate our words to one another. A language would not be very easy useful if people could not organize its words into  phrase and sentence. If the listeners are to understand the meaning, people must know how to assemble words in ways that make sense to them. It is the pattern by which words are combined that linguistics called syntax

There of, people must be familiar about the language itself and each element in it, such as vocabulary, structure, pronunciation and so on. Beside, language has rules which involve word structure (morphology), grammar and sentences structure (syntax).

Kennedy (1979 : 231) stated a novel is a book-length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense that, while we read, we experience actual life. Analyzing a long novel in close stylisticdeatail could take a lifetime.

In recent time, novel is not as a reading material to spend leisure time or to love the story, but also as a means of entertainment that contain full of knowledge. Novel has been discussed in several oflinguistic and literature analysis. Because novel is one of the written grammartical, this can be analyzed from structure and litarary work.

To start drawing tree take a lot of practice to know which rules to apply and apply them consistently and accurately to a sentence. People will not be able to draw trees easily until they literally do dozens of them. Drawing syntatic trees is a learned skill that needs lots of practice, just like learning to play the piano.

Andrew Carnie stated (2002:43) there are actually two ways to go about drawing a tree. somebody can start at the bottom and work someone’s way up to the S and work one’s way down. Which technique use depends on individual  style . For most people who are just starting out, starting at the bottom of the tree with the words works best. When someone become more practiced and experience may find starting at the top quicker, below, writer gives step by step instructions for both of these techniques. Every sentence of english and every human language can be repsented by a phrase structure tree that explecity reveals these properties.

To more understand about syntactic categories by using tree diagram, the writer takes some sentences in A.Fuadi’s Novel the Land of Five Towers. The reason why the writer use sentences in A.Fuadi’s Novel the Land of Five Towers, because the writer finds many of form sentences. Such as, simple sentence,compound sentence, complex sentence, and compound-complex sentence.

At the sametime, people get mixed up when analysis the english sentences and get misunderstanding about those structure. Those factors above made the writer  takes the title `” An Syntactic Analysis of Complex Sentence by Using Tree Diagram in A.Fuadi’s Novel the Land of Five Towers. ”

B.The Scope of the Problem

This study is focused on the syntactic analysis of the complex sentences in some coloumn in A.Fuadi’s Novel the Land of Five Towers. ”by using tree diagram theory. The researcher limits his study analyzing the complex sentences. Moreover, the sentences that are analyzed the active voice .

          

            C.The Question of the Research

                        Based on the scope problem  above, the question of the research are:

1.    What are the syntactic patterns of complex sentences used in A.Fuadi’s Novel the Land of Five Towers?

2.    How many  are the syntactic pattern of complex sentences used in A.Fuadi’s Novel the Land of Five Towers? 

D.The Objective of the Research

Concerning with the research problems mentioned above, the objectives of this study are to describe and find out what the syntactic patterns and how many syntactic pattern of complex sentences pattern are used in A.Fuadi’s Novel the Land of Five Towers.

E.The Significance of the Research

There are some singnificances for this researh, they are :

1.    For the writer

                 As one of english students, the writer gets challenge to explore the language and understand a part of speech in English by using tree diagram.of course, more familiar with the term of linguistics.

2.    For the reader

          The writer wish this research can give contribution and inspiration for the reader and this research enrich study on linguistic especially for syntax term by using tree diagram.

F.The Systematic of the Paper

The systematic of the paper means to present the paper in well edited composition. This paper is devided into five chapter as follows:

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter explains about the background of the research,the scope of problem,the question of research, the objective of the research,significiance of the research, and the systematic of the paper.

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION

This chapter explains about the definition of syntax, the defenition of novel, the difinition of tree diagram, the clasification of sentences, the defenition of the parts of speech.

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

This chapter explains about setting of the research,subject of the research,methode of the research, instrument of the research, technique of data analysis and procedure of the research.

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter explain about the data description, the data analysis, and the data interpretation and the discussion.

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter explains about conclusion from all chapter and some suggestions.